GUIDELINES TO AUTHORS(SAMPLE FORMAT) |
GUIDELINES TO AUTHORS
To the authors,
A synopsis will be included in the contents page of the journal. The synopsis is intended to capture the interest of many (industrialists) and not only the scientific community, as such should be as simple as possible, perhaps with graphics/flowchart. Commercialisation potential of the research should be highlighted. The following will serve as an aid to the write-up:
1. Who are the potential customer/beneficiaries of the research results you have obtained, and if possible provide details of their relevance eg. size, economic contribution etc.
2. How can the output of your research results be transferred to the customer/beneficiaries.
3. If your research result is near commercialisation please state.
SYNOPSIS
FIBRE OPTIC LENS MODELLING FOR OPTICAL
| TOMOGRAPHY Ruzairi Abdul Rahim, N. Ramli, R.G. Green, K. Evans and B. Naylor The research presented in this paper will be useful when preparing fibre optic sensors for use in process tomography. It is hoped that it will lead to a better understanding and control of processes, reduced costs and waste and eventually increase profits. (PAPER) TREATMENT OF PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) USING ATTACHED-FILM BIOREACTOR: TRICKLING FILTER AS A CASE STUDY Mohd. Omar Ab. Kadir1, Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah1, Nik Norulaini Nik Abd. Rahman2 and Mohd. Nazri Mahmud1 1School of Industrial Technology 2School of Distance Education Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia (akmomar@usm.my) |
RINGKASAN: Keberkesanan sistem bioreaktor filem terikat aerob untuk merawat efluen kilang minyak kelapa sawit (POME) telah dikaji menggunakan turas cucur…
ABSTRACT: The efficiency of aerobic attached-film bioreactor system to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME) was studied using trickling filter….
KEYWORDS: POME, trickling filter, aerobic attached-film, hydraulic loading, removal rate, volatile acids, alkalinity.
INTRODUCTION
The oil palm industry has been a major contributor to Malaysia'a fast growing economy. It is reported that in 1998, Malaysia produced a total of 8.8 million tonnes of crude palm oil (CPO) (Nor and Azraai, 1998)…..
Table 1. Characteristics of POME
| Parameter | Range | Mean |
BOD (3 days @ 30oC) COD TS SS O&G | 10250-47500 15500-106360 11450-164950 410-60360 130-86430 0-110 | 2500 53630 43635 19020 8370 35 |
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The trickling filter was constructed as shown in Figure 1. It consists of wastewater holding tank, pump, filter column, flow distributor and settling tank. The filter column was prepared using PVC pipe 4 inches in diameter.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the trickling filter used in this study
| RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The ideal solid support for a trickling filter has been described as one that maximises both surface area is needed to enhance the attachment of the biomass, while an increase in porosity of the solid support results in a decrease in the required overall reactor volume. CONCLUSION Trickling filter offers a good alternative to the series of anaerobic, facultative and aerobic pond in treating palm oil mill effluent (POME). Impressive BOD and COD removal efficiencies of between 53% to 84% and 50% to 86% respectively, depending on the strength of the influent, have been demonstrated. REFERENCES Chan, T.K., Herlina, S. and Ruangsap, B. (1993). Cloning of propoter sequences from Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 45: pp 567-575. Chan, T.K. (1992). Plasmids of enterobacteria. In: Pathogenesis of bacterial infections, ed. Ramirez, A. and Aquino, S., Protea Press, Kuala Lumpur, pp 235-245. Dubin, F.S., Mindell, H.L. and Blomme, S. (1976). How to save energy and cut cost in existing industrial and commercial buildings. An energy conservation report, May, Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, USA. Zuhairi, A.A. (2000). Treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using trickling filter packed with random PVC support medium. Master Thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia. |